Tuesday, February 9, 2010

India puts on hold first GM food crop on safety grounds

Protest against aubergine release an aubergine - January 16, 2010
The cultivation of the BT brinjal aubergine variety has divided opinion

India has deferred the commercial cultivation of what would have been its first genetically modified (GM) vegetable crop due to safety concerns.

Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh said more studies were needed to ensure genetically modified aubergines were safe for consumers and the environment.

The GM vegetable has undergone field trials since 2008 and received approval from government scientists in 2009.

But there has been a heated public row over the cultivation of the GM crop.

The BBC's Geeta Pandey, who was at the news conference in Delhi, says Mr Ramesh's decision has put any cultivation of GM vegetables in India on hold indefinitely.

'Difficult decision'

"Public sentiment is negative. It is my duty to adopt a cautious, precautionary, principle-based approach," Mr Ramesh said.

He said the moratorium on growing BT brinjal - as the variety of aubergine is known in India - would remain in place until tests were carried out "to the satisfaction of both the public and professionals".

The minister said "independent scientific studies" were needed to establish "the safety of the product from the point of view of its long-term impact on human health and environment".

Mr Ramesh said it was "a difficult decision to make" since he had to "balance science and society".

"The decision is responsible to science and responsive to society," he said.

India is the largest producer of aubergines in the world and grows more than 4,000 varieties.

Indian seed company Mahyco - partner of US multinational corporation Monsanto - which has developed BT brinjal, says the GM vegetable is more resistant to natural pests.

But anti-GM groups say there are serious health concerns and they allege that consumption of GM crops can even cause cancer.

The government-controlled Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) approved BT brinjal for commercial cultivation in October 2009.

Following an uproar from farmers and anti-GM activists, the environment minister held a series of national consultation meetings across India.

Several of the aubergine-growing Indian states have already said they were opposed to BT brinjal.

India allowed the use of genetically modified seeds for cotton in 2002.

Super Bowl XLIV breaks ratings record

Porter scores the winning touchdown
The Saints won with a surprise 31-17 win over The Colts

The New Orleans Saints' Super Bowl victory over the Indianapolis Colts has become the most-watched programme in US TV history, early figures show.

A record 106.5 million people, watched the game last weekend, according to Nielson media.

The figure tops the 1983 finale of medical drama M*A*S*H which drew 105.97 million viewers.

The previous Super Bowl record was last year's game between Pittsburgh and Arizona, watched by 98.7 million.

There had been much interest in the game between The Colts - considered the favourites after winning the title just three years ago - and The Saints who were appearing in their first NFL title game.

The Saints' resurgence had been seen as a mirror of the ongoing recovery of New Orleans after the devastation of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and the underdogs' story propelled viewership.

Margin of error

The early viewing figures also drew some congratulations from Alan Alda, the star of M*A*S*H.

"If the *M*A*S*H audience was eclipsed, it was probably due in large part to the fact that the whole country is rooting for New Orleans to triumph in every way possible," he said.

"I am, too, and I couldn't be happier for them. I love that city."

However, it may be hard to tell which programme was really watched by more people because of the margin for error in such numbers.

Nielsen's estimate on Monday was preliminary, and could change with a more thorough look at more figures due on Tuesday.

Sunday's Super Bowl was viewed by more than double the 48 million Americans who watched President Barack Obama's State of the Union address last year.

An average 26.8 million people have tuned in to the latest series of American Idol, which is currently the most-watched series on US television.

Super Bowl XLIV breaks ratings record

Porter scores the winning touchdown
The Saints won with a surprise 31-17 win over The Colts

The New Orleans Saints' Super Bowl victory over the Indianapolis Colts has become the most-watched programme in US TV history, early figures show.

A record 106.5 million people, watched the game last weekend, according to Nielson media.

The figure tops the 1983 finale of medical drama M*A*S*H which drew 105.97 million viewers.

The previous Super Bowl record was last year's game between Pittsburgh and Arizona, watched by 98.7 million.

There had been much interest in the game between The Colts - considered the favourites after winning the title just three years ago - and The Saints who were appearing in their first NFL title game.

The Saints' resurgence had been seen as a mirror of the ongoing recovery of New Orleans after the devastation of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and the underdogs' story propelled viewership.

Margin of error

The early viewing figures also drew some congratulations from Alan Alda, the star of M*A*S*H.

"If the *M*A*S*H audience was eclipsed, it was probably due in large part to the fact that the whole country is rooting for New Orleans to triumph in every way possible," he said.

"I am, too, and I couldn't be happier for them. I love that city."

However, it may be hard to tell which programme was really watched by more people because of the margin for error in such numbers.

Nielsen's estimate on Monday was preliminary, and could change with a more thorough look at more figures due on Tuesday.

Sunday's Super Bowl was viewed by more than double the 48 million Americans who watched President Barack Obama's State of the Union address last year.

An average 26.8 million people have tuned in to the latest series of American Idol, which is currently the most-watched series on US television.

Wife pleads for Sri Lankan Gen Sarath Fonseka's release

Anoma Fonseka - 9 February 2010
Anoma Fonseka said her husband had been "treated like an animal"

The wife of the arrested former presidential contender, Gen Sarath Fonseka, has pleaded with the Sri Lankan government to release him.

A tearful Anoma Fonseka said that although she had now been notified where he was being held, she needed to give essential medication to him.

Earlier Mrs Fonseka said her husband had been "abducted" and was in an unknown location.

Gen Fonseka was detained by security forces at his office on Monday.

The government says he will be court-martialled for "military offences".

'Hell-bent'

Gen Fonseka was defeated by incumbent Mahinda Rajapaksa in last month's poll.

President Rajapaksa won about six million votes to Gen Fonseka's four million. But the general rejected the results and vowed to challenge them in court.

A worker drinks from a water bottle at a Fonseka campaign office  - 8 Feb 2010
Gen Fonseka's presidential bid was unsuccessful

In an official statement, the government said that the former army chief was "hell-bent" on betraying the country's "gallant armed forces".

It cited as evidence the general's remarks on Monday that he would be ready to give evidence in an international court on war crimes charges against the state.

Defence spokesman Keheliya Rambukwella said that depending on the evidence being gathered against Gen Fonseka, he might be liable to a court-martial.

He alleged that by meeting opposition politicians while still in uniform, the general might have committed "treason to some extent".

The government says that Gen Fonseka is still subject to military law, despite his retirement.

Gen Fonseka has denied any wrongdoing. His wife earlier accused the security forces of treating him "like an animal" as they dragged him into a vehicle by his hands and feet.

But military spokesman Maj Gen Prasad Samarasinghe told the Associated Press news agency that family members were allowed to see him and he had been allowed to obtain legal advice.

Civil war victory

Opposition politicians say the government is engaged in a witch-hunt and they have promised to hold protests on Wednesday against the arrest, which the BBC's Charles Haviland in Colombo says has left many people in a state of bewilderment.

Gen Fonseka was in charge of Sri Lanka's army when it defeated the Tamil Tiger rebels last year after 25 years of civil war.

But he and President Rajapaksa fell out over who should take credit for the victory - and both fought the election boasting of their roles in the war.

Our correspondent says the arrest was dramatic but not unexpected - and there must now be questions about whether this is the start of a bigger clampdown on the opposition.


Toyota recalls thousands of Prius cars worldwide

Akio Toyoda: "Let me assure everyone we will redouble our commitment to quality"

Toyota has announced the recall of about 436,000 hybrid vehicles worldwide, including its latest Prius model, to fix brake problems.

The total includes more than 200,000 Prius cars sold in Japan and 8,500 cars in the UK.

"We have decided to recall as we regard safety for our customers as our foremost priority," the firm said.

The company has already recalled eight million vehicles because of accelerator and floormat problems.

Company president Akio Toyoda made the latest recall announcement at a news conference in Tokyo on Tuesday afternoon.

"We will do everything in our power to regain the confidence of our customers," he said.

After the conference, he told reporters that he might go to the United States next week to explain details about the recall.

The Prius was Japan's top-selling car in 2009 and the world's most popular hybrid model.

Peter De Lorenzo, author of the book The United States of Toyota, told the BBC that the latest recall would be particularly painful for the company.

"The Prius is their shining example of their vision of what we should all be driving and it is everything the new Toyota represents. So for them to have to acknowledge a recall of hundreds of thousands of them is a tremendous blow to their image," he said.

Credit rating agency Moody's said it had put Toyota's credit rating on review for a possible downgrade, following the latest recall.

"This action is prompted by Moody's concern that the growing scale of Toyota's product problems and associated recalls may have longer term impacts on its brand equity, pricing power and market share in key markets," it said.

Toyota's president has come under criticism from Japan's transport minister Seiji Maehara for not reacting quickly enough to recall faulty vehicles, according to reports from the AFP news agency.

"I wish you had taken measures earlier rather than simply saying it was not a major technical problem," Mr Maehara told Mr Toyoda in a meeting, says AFP.

Software update

There would also be recalls of Hybrid Sai, sold only in Japan, and Lexus HS250h, sold globally, the company said on Tuesday.

Johnny Goldstone, greentomatocars.com: "If we were concerned... we would take all the cars off the road without hesitation"

The latest recall refers to third-generation Prius models built before 27 January 2010.

There have been complaints in Japan and the US that the brakes momentarily fail when driven on rough or slippery road surfaces.

Toyota blames a software glitch and says it has already fixed vehicles sold this year.

In a statement, Toyota said it was keen to reassure Prius owners that the cars were safe to drive.

"At no time are drivers without brakes," the firm said.

Toyota said that it would be writing to vehicle owners affected and the procedure - to upgrade the anti-lock braking system - would be carried out free of charge.

In the UK, no other Toyota or Lexus models are affected by the latest recall.

In addition to recalling 133,000 2010 Prius models in the US, Toyota said it will also recall 14,550 Lexus Division HS250h 2010 models to update software in the vehicle's anti-lock braking system.

Separately, Toyota has announced a safety recall on about 7,300 2010 Camry vehicles in the US over problems that could lead to a hole in the brake tube, causing a brake fluid leak. Owners of the Camry models involved will be contacted by post in the middle of February.

Investigation

The US Transportation Department said last week that it was investigating the braking problems with Prius.

Toyota Prius hybrid vehicle
Toyota is recalling 436,000 hybrid cars worldwide

The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration received 124 reports from drivers about it, including four of crashes.

There have been no reports of any such accidents in the UK.

The US investigation will look into allegations of momentary loss of braking power while travelling over uneven road surfaces.

Mr Toyoda wrote that he had been in contact with US Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood and assured him that communication would be kept open, would be more frequent, and that Toyota would be "more vigilant in responding" to officials.

Before it announced the Prius recall in Japan, Toyota estimated that its losses would reach $2bn (£1.23bn) in costs and lost sales from its worldwide recall of vehicles that might have faulty accelerator pedals.

Friday, February 5, 2010

Eastern US braced for major snowstorm

Snow falling on Capitol, Washington DC
Snow has begun falling - and much more is expected

Government offices, courts and schools have closed early in Washington DC to allow workers to get home ahead of a major snowstorm.

Forecasters have predicted up to 2ft (60cm) of snow, which would make it the snowiest winter in the capital for a century.

Shops in the US capital and surrounding areas are said to be running low on staple supplies as residents stock up.

Blizzard warnings are in effect in much of Delaware and New Jersey.

Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell declared a state of emergency two days ago to allow extra preparation time for emergency and road crews.

According to the Virginia Department of Transportation, 94% of the state's snow removal budget has already been spent, after a major blizzard hit the area in December.

Officials said they would have to use emergency funds to pay for snow removal after this latest storm.

In neighbouring Maryland, nine counties declared snow emergencies, barring cars without snow tyres from driving until the alert is lifted.

Newspapers and TV shows handed out tips on how to deal with the storm, which they have dubbed "snowpocalypse".

Residents were urged to stay off roads, and to prepare for possible power cuts.

Naples pizza makers celebrate EU trademark status


Naples has celebrated the first day of official recognition for the Italian city's most famous culinary creation: the pizza.

The European Union ruling marks the end of a battle that began a quarter of a century ago and aimed to protect Neapolitan pizzas from imitations.

The Traditional Speciality Guaranteed label on Naples pizza was approved last month and came into effect on Thursday.

The pizza makers' association head said the trademark was a great honour.

The EU's agriculture commissioner said Neapolitan pizza was now part of Europe's food heritage.

Slice of action

Th TSG label means that all pizzerias aspiring to supply the real thing are in future supposed to be vetted by a special commission that will check standards.

They include using only San Marzano tomatoes and fresh buffalo mozzarella cheese.

The Italian farmers' association says that half of Italy's 25,000 pizzerias currently use the wrong ingredients, such as East European cheese or Ukrainian flour.

Italy now tops the EU chart for products that are protected - it has 180, more than Spain or France.

Protected status enables producers to not only boast about their exclusivity, but also charge a premium.

And now pizza makers from Naples will get their slice of the action.

Hubble spots Pluto blushing in space

The newest images of Pluto taken by the Hubble Space Telescope
Despite any colour changes, Pluto remains ice-bound and inhospitable

Nasa scientists say that dwarf planet Pluto, on the edge of our solar system, is becoming increasingly red.

Images taken by the Hubble space telescope show that the planet is some 20% redder than it used to be.

Experts say they believe this is because of changes in Pluto's surface ice as it enters a new phase of its 248-year-long orbit.

The new images are said to show frozen nitrogen brightening in the north and becoming darker in the south.

"These changes are most likely consequences of surface ice melting on the sunlit pole and then re-freezing on the other pole," Nasa's Space Telescope Science Institute said in a statement.

But some astronomers have expressed shock at the changes.

"It's a little bit of a surprise to see these changes happening so big and so fast," said Marc Buie, of the Southwest Research Institute. "This is unprecedented."

In 2006, astronomers stripped Pluto of its status as a full planet, downgrading it to a dwarf planet.

Further away and considerably smaller than the eight other "traditional" planets in our solar system, Pluto - at just 2,360km (1,467 miles) across - is smaller even than some moons.

But the red tinge is not thought to have had a marked effect on Pluto's temperature: despite any redness, Pluto's surface temperature is incredibly cold at -233C (-382F)

NI parties agree power-sharing deal


Peter Robinson said the decision had been "unanimous"

The DUP has agreed a deal with Sinn Fein over the devolution of policing and justice powers from Westminster to Northern Ireland.

Party leader Peter Robinson said just before midnight that the decision to back the deal had been "unanimous" among the party's 35 assembly members.

A roundtable session of the assembly to discuss the deal is under way.

Prime Minister Gordon Brown and his Irish counterpart Brian Cowen have arrived in NI to attend the session.

However, the Ulster Unionist Party has said it will not be attending it.

It said as it was not party to the negotiations it wanted to take the time to consider what was in the deal.

"We have had a very constructive meeting of our assembly group and I had the opportunity to put to them proposals which we have been working on," said Mr Robinson.

"Everyone present believes that this is consistent with our election manifesto and pledges we have made to the people.

"We look forward to going to Hillsborough and the document should be published."

The deal is believed to include new arrangements on the oversight of loyalist parades.

DUP assembly member Nelson McCausland said the loyal orders would be very satisfied by what had been agreed and it should eventually lead to new legislation on parades.

He said there was no mention of either a new policing college or the savers of the Presbyterian Mutual Society in the document.

Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams welcomed the DUP's decision and said: "There's a wonderful chance now in a new spirit for us all to go forward.

"This isn't just about structures or protocols, it obviously has to be about inspired leadership and people accepting in leadership positions that the citizens want this to work."

He said there had not been enough movement on the Irish language but that was "work for another day".

Commending his own party's negotiating team, he added: "I believe that the Assembly and political institutions can now proceed on the basis of equality, fairness and partnership.

"They also have to deliver for all citizens, that is the collective responsibility of all the political parties."

On Thursday night Mr Robinson said there was a basis for a deal which he could recommend to his party and to the community.

DUP assembly members gathered at Stormont at about 2200 GMT.

"An essential element of the Democratic Unionist manifesto is the requirement for community confidence and we believe that this can be the basis of gaining that confidence," Mr Robinson said.

"It does more than dealing with devolving further powers. It deals with how we deal with the powers that we have."

The DUP decision has been welcomed by Alliance Party leader David Ford, who is widely tipped to be the new justice minister.

He said: "This is what the people of Northern Ireland have waited so long to hear and it means that the Executive can get back to the real work of providing quality services and strengthening our economy.

"We may face a few challenges in the coming months as regards the justice devolution process, but I am very hopeful that this will signal a new, more positive era for Northern Ireland."

SDLP leader Mark Durkan said he always thought a deal would be "scrambled over the line".

"What we need to see now when we see the deal this morning is does it answer all of the questions and all of the issues," he said.

"We will have to take our turn with other parties in proofing what is proposed, not trying to create problems, but pre-empting any possible shortcomings or problems there are with it so we can actually improve it."

Snowmen

However, Traditional Unionist Voice, which opposes mandatory coalition with Sinn Fein, described the DUP as "snowmen who had melted".

Its leader Jim Allister said: "The DUP MLAs who buckled tonight not only let themselves down, but, more importantly, let their country down."

Referring to the fact that 14 DUP assembly members reportedly voted against a deal on the table on Monday, he added: "The deal the DUP so meekly accepted tonight is the same deal they rejected.

"The deal hasn't changed, only the snowmen of the DUP who melted once the heat came on."

Earlier on Thursday it emerged that policing and justice powers could be transferred to Northern Ireland in April if the DUP and Sinn Fein were able to reach a deal.

Talks between the British and Irish governments, Sinn Fein and the DUP have been going on for the last 10 days.

The relationship between Sinn Fein and the DUP - Northern Ireland's two biggest political parties - has been strained for some time because they disagreed about the timetable for the transfer of policing and justice powers from Westminster to Stormont.

Haiti PM: Child abduction issue 'distracts' from relief


Giovanny Legagneur, 5, takes a picture with a Polaroid camera at a refugee camp for earthquake survivors in Port-au-Prince
Haiti's prime minister says the needs of Haitians should not be overshadowed

The Haitian prime minister has warned that the case of 10 US missionaries charged with child abduction is a "distraction" from earthquake recovery.

Jean-Max Bellerive said more than 200,000 people had died in the quake and one million still needed help.

The group of missionaries has been charged with child abduction and criminal conspiracy.

They deny allegations that they tried to smuggle 33 children across the border to the Dominican Republic.

When stopped on the border last Friday, the group said they were taking the children to an orphanage. But it has since emerged some of the youngsters' parents were still alive.

'In good faith'

Mr Bellerive said the case of the missionaries risked diverting international attention from the continued plights of the Port-au-Prince residents who had lost their homes and livelihoods.

"I believe it's a distraction for the Haitian people because they are talking more now about 10 people than they are about one million people suffering in the streets," he said.

Laura Silsby, the head of New Life Children's Refuge
Laura Silsby says the group acted out of compassion

The group's lawyer, Edwin Coq, said his clients were "naive" but not malicious in their actions.

"They had no idea they were violating the law. They were acting in good faith and they just wanted to help," he said.

But, in comments reported by the Washington Post, he added: "If there is someone that the justice system must retain for some questioning, it is the leader of the group, Madame Laura."

From Washington, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said for the first time that the two governments were discussing the diplomatically sensitive case.

"It was unfortunate, whatever their motivation, that this group of Americans took matters into their own hands," Mrs Clinton added.

Haitian officials have said that the cases of the 10 US citizens will now be sent to an investigating judge who will decide how to proceed.

If convicted they face lengthy jail terms, says the BBC's Paul Adams, in Haiti's capital, Port-au-Prince.

'Kidnappers'

After Thursday's hearing the 10 missionaries were taken back to the jail where they have been kept since last Friday.

Amid chaotic scenes, the group was bundled into a van outside the court.

"I feel good," the group's leader Laura Silsby told reporters. "I trust in God."

The five men and five women, most of them from Idaho, were due to have a hearing earlier in the week, but that was postponed because of a lack of interpreters.

Mr Bellerive has labelled the Americans "kidnappers".

Justice Minister Paul Denis has said that they should be tried in Haiti despite the damage done to the country's judicial infrastructure and casualties among judges and court staff.

There had been suggestions that the 10 could be tried in the US.

"It is Haitian law that has been violated, it is up to the Haitian authorities to hear and judge the case," he told AFP news agency.

"I don't see any reason why they should be tried in the United States."

The US ambassador to Haiti, Kenneth Merten, said that the US would do all it could to ensure the group were treated fairly and in accordance with Haitian law.

Single village

The children, who are from aged from two to 12, are now in the care of the Austrian-run SOS Children's Village in Port-au-Prince.

Twenty-one of the children were from a single village outside the capital and were handed over willingly by their parents, our correspondent says.

Residents in the village of Callebas told an Associated Press news agency reporter that they had handed their children over through a local orphanage worker who said he was acting on the Americans' behalf.

The worker is said to have promised the families that the missionaries would educate their children in neighbouring Dominican Republic.

A number of parents in the badly-damaged village said they would find it difficult to provide for their children if they came back.

Ms Silsby has said her group had met a Haitian pastor by chance when they arrived last week, and that he had helped them gather the children. She also admitted that they did not have the proper paperwork.

"Our intent was to help only those children that needed us most, that had lost either both their mother and father, or had lost one of their parents and the other had abandoned them," she said from her jail cell on Wednesday.

Toyota mulling Prius recall after brake concerns


Toyota is considering recalling some Prius models in Japan and the US following concerns about the hybrid's brakes, the carmaker has confirmed.

The US Transportation Department is investigating braking problems in the 2010 Toyota Prius after Toyota admitted brake problems with the model.

The carmaker had said it had fixed the problem in January.

Toyota has already recalled more than eight million cars worldwide over concerns about accelerator pedals.

"There are reasons to believe that a recall could be put in place [in the US and Japan], but it's still early hours and early days," said Toyota UK's managing director Miguel Fonseca.

"There is still an investigation going on with the relevant authorities."

Further investigation

The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has received 124 reports from drivers about the braking issue, including four of crashes.

There have been no reports of any such accidents in the UK.

The investigation will look into allegations of momentary loss of braking power while travelling over uneven road surfaces.

As depressing the brakes further activated normal braking, Toyota said the glitch was not legally a safety hazard and said it had received no reports of any accidents related to it.

'Very disappointed'

Mr Fonseca told the BBC that the braking problem was "not a defect, but a characteristic of the way the ABS system is tuned", before adding that there had been "no issues with this in the UK".

However, he did say that "we are very disappointed to have let customers down and accept that we could have handled [the problem] better."

On Thursday, the carmaker reported a net income of 153 billion yen ($1.68bn; £1.06bn) for the final three months of 2009, compared with a loss of 164 billion yen a year earlier.

The firm also said it still expected higher sales and to make a profit this year, despite the heavy blow to the company's reputation.

Toyota estimates its losses will reach $2bn (£1.23bn) in costs and lost sales from its worldwide recall of vehicles that might have faulty accelerator pedals, but a recall of Prius models would send this figure even higher.

"The losses could escalate if it turns out that the trust and reputation the company built up over a period of decades has been demolished almost overnight," said BBC business reporter Jorn Madslien.

Thursday, February 4, 2010

national prayer breakfast

Obama Calls for ‘Civility’ at Prayer Breakfast
By todayinusa

President Obama urged Democrats and Republicans to not question one another’s motives and to make an effort to move beyond the cynicism and skepticism that has weighed down the politics of Washington, saying: “Civility is not a sign of weakness.”

In an appearance today at the National Prayer Breakfast, Mr. Obama conceded that policy differences would often separate the political parties. But he challenged lawmakers and religious leaders to step beyond their comfort zones and unify on at least some daily challenges, not only when a calamity like the Haiti earthquake strikes.

“Too often that spirit is missing without the spectacular tragedy,” Mr. Obama said. “We become numb to the day-to-day crises. We become absorbed with our abstract arguments, our ideological disputes, our contests for power. And in this tower of babble, we lose the sound of God’s voice.”

The National Prayer Breakfast, which has been held for the last half-century in Washington, drew criticism by some liberal groups this year because the sponsor of the event, an evangelical Christian network called The Fellowship, is allegedly tied to legislation in Uganda that calls for the imprisonment and execution of homosexuals.

The president, along with Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, denounced the proposal in Uganda.

“We may disagree about gay marriage,” Mr. Obama said, “but surely we can agree that it is unconscionable to target gays and lesbians for who they are, whether it is right here in the United States or as Hillary mentioned more extremely in odious laws that are being proposed most recently in Uganda.”

He added, “Surely we can agree to find common ground when possible, parting ways when necessary, but in doing so, let us be guided by our faith and by prayer.”

Mr. Obama spoke openly about how he has been sustained during his first year in office by faith and prayer. He does not frequently attend Sunday church services, but often speaks with a small circle of pastors, who provide spiritual guidance and support.

“While prayer can buck us up when we are down, keep us calm in a storm, while prayer can stiffen our spines to surmount an obstacle – and I assure you, I’m praying a lot these days – prayer can also do something else,” Mr. Obama said. “It can touch our hearts with humility. It can fill us with a sense of civility.”

The president also addressed something that he rarely speaks about: his citizenship. Questions were initially raised by conservative groups during his presidential campaign and continue to regularly flare up on talk-radio programs and Tea Party rallies.

“Surely you can question my policies without questioning my faith,” Mr. Obama said, “or for that matter my citizenship.”

The crowd applauded and laughed. The president did not.

Mr. Obama struck similar tones to previous speeches in which he has called for civility, including his appearance last year at the National Prayer Breakfast. He acknowledged that politics has always been messy, saying: “We shouldn’t over-romanticize the past.”

“But there is a sense that something is different now, that something is broken, that those of us in Washington are not serving the people as well as we should,” Mr. Obama said. “At times, it seems like we are unable to listen to one another, to have at once a serious and civil debate. This erosion of civility in the public square sews division and cynicism among our citizens. It poisons the well of public opinion.”

Along with Mr. Obama and first lady Michelle Obama, a bipartisan array of Washington officials was seated on the dais at the National Prayer Breakfast, including several heads of state, members of the Cabinet and members of Congress.

Mrs. Clinton delivered the keynote address at the prayer breakfast, speaking openly about how her faith has sustained her. But she denounced “religion cloaked in naked power lust, used to justify violence” in Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan and beyond.

The solemn morning was interrupted by a few moments of humor, including when Senator Orrin Hatch, Republican of Utah, stepped to the microphone to offer a prayer. Just as he did, the alarm on his Blackberry went off and was amplified throughout the hotel ballroom.

As he apologized and fumbled to turn it off, Senator Amy Klobuchar, Democrat of Minnesota, turned to him and said: “It’s time for prayer!”

Christian Serbia maintains its faith in folklore


Enthronement of Serbian Patriarch

While Serbia is a deeply religious nation, it also happens to be steeped in superstition. The BBC's Mark Lowen finds that folklore, legends, old wives'; tales and stories of medieval military glory are part of daily life for many Serbians.

Belgrade's Saborna Cathedral is a gorgeous little place, its vaulted ceilings adorned with gilded frescoes and its baroque facade decorated with intricate mosaics.

Its beauty is such that I didn't mind getting up at an ungodly hour on a freezing Saturday morning for the enthronement of the new Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

The only downside was being stuck next to undoubtedly the least musical member of the congregation. My ears suffered for the next hour or so as she sang out of sync and out of tune.

I tried to move away from my tone-deaf and rhythmically challenged neighbour, but to no avail. Physically, there was no space left.

The ornate cathedral was bursting with believers, their eyes closed in worship, breaking their concentration only to make a sign of the Orthodox cross, or to kiss the hand of the new Patriarch as he passed by.

It was a holy occasion for a deeply spiritual nation - 85% of Serbs declare themselves Orthodox.

Myth and folklore

Religion and ethnicity have always been fundamentally linked in this region. If you were Serb, you were Orthodox, and if you were Croat you were Catholic.

After decades of suppression under communism, religion again flourished as the 90s began - but it also fed ethnic division, playing its part in the Yugoslav wars that ensued.

As modern Serbia has emerged from the ashes of Yugoslavia, Orthodoxy remains central to the Serb identity.

Turn back many centuries, though, before the Christianisation of Slavs, and it was Paganism, not Orthodoxy, that commanded a widespread following.

With it came myth and folklore - some of which still live on for this nation of believers, as I've come to discover.

Invited for dinner by my landlord in early January, he handed me a belated Christmas gift of a wallet. No sooner had I opened it, than he gasped, grabbed it back and quickly put a token 20 dinar note (around 20 pence) inside. "It's bad luck to offer an empty wallet to somebody," he told me.

It was my first taste of Serb superstition. But there were many more...

Never place your handbag on the ground, or you'll become penniless.

Don't even think about going outside with wet hair, or your brain will become inflamed.

And if you dare to sit on the corner of a table, you'll never get married.

If you do find your future spouse (which would, incidentally never happen if you let somebody sweep the floor with a broom in your direction), you'd better not sing at the table, or your other half will go mad.

And whatever happens, make sure you call a newborn baby ugly. If you say it's sweet, the infant will be plagued by bad luck.

Above all, though, beware of the draught. Ladies who expose their stomachs to cold air will end up with frozen ovaries and never be able to have children.

Sit next to an open window and you'll have an eternally stiff neck. Even at the height of summer, you see older Serbs frantically closing windows on public buses.

There is even a Serbian saying: many have died from draughts, but nobody has died from a bad smell.

Vampire legend

When swine flu hit Serbia last year, people put their faith in natural remedies and sales of garlic soared - appropriate, perhaps, for a country which saw one of the world's first known vampires.

In the early 18th Century a local peasant, Peter Plogojowitz, died in eastern Serbia. In the week following his death, nine other villagers mysteriously passed away too.

Plogojowitz was blamed, his body exhumed and a stake driven through his heart.

So perhaps it is understandable that hordes of Serbs would tune in to watch a bizarre transvestite prophet on national television in the 90s.

The mysterious Kleopatra shot to fame predicting the future of anything from marriage problems to the Nato bombing of Yugoslavia during the Kosovan war.

: Kosovo Serbs gather in the enclave of Gracanica for a religious ceremony 28 June 2007 to celebrate a historic medieval battle in the town of Gazimestan, near the provincial capital Pristina
Serbs still commemorate the 1389 Battle of Kosovo

But it is when nationalist politicians have harnessed the power of belief that Serbia has known some of its darkest moments.

Slobodan Milosevic gained power by whipping up patriotic frenzy, evoking the Battle of Kosovo in 1389.

The facts are still debated, but it has taken on a legendary status for this nation of believers, who are taught how their brethren died as martyrs on the fields of their cherished southern province, defending Christian Europe from the marauding Ottomans.

And President Milosevic led his people into wars, rekindling that old legend of the Greater Serbia.

Still today, Serbs' obsession with legend and myth means they often turn to the past for inspiration, rather than the future, searching for lost power and prestige.

I have been told by Serbs how they were eating with cutlery long before the rest of Europe and, spuriously, that they invented tweezers in the 12th Century.

It shows, perhaps, the uncertainty they feel about the road ahead for their country, smaller and weaker than it once was.

Bank of England halts quantitative easing programme


Bank of England
The Bank has kept interest rates at 0.5% to aid the recovery

The Bank of England has decided against further quantitative easing (QE), the policy designed to stimulate growth in the UK economy.

Under QE, the Bank has pumped new money into the economy by buying assets such as government bonds, as a way to boost lending by commercial banks.

Last week, it revealed it had spent all of the £200bn it created for QE.

The Bank also kept interest rates on hold at a record low 0.5% for the 11th consecutive month.

'Further purchases'

While halting QE, the Bank said the £200bn already injected into the economy through the programme would "continue to impart a substantial monetary stimulus to the economy for some time to come".

But it did not close the door on further spending.

"[The Bank] will continue to monitor the appropriate scale of the asset purchase programme and further purchases would be made should the outlook warrant them."

One area that it will be looking at is banks' lending to businesses and consumers, as QE was designed to help boost lending.

"Conditions for lending in this country, especially to small and medium-sized businesses, are still much weaker than [the bank] would have wanted," said the BBC's economics editor Stephanie Flanders.

Analysts said concerns about rising inflation were one factor in the Bank's decision to suspend QE.

"Inflation is considerably stronger than the Bank had expected and there are concerns that it won't get back within target [if QE continued]," Jason Simpson from Royal Bank of Scotland told the BBC.

Weak growth

Official figures in January showed that UK consumer prices rose in December by 2.9%, their fastest annual pace for nine months and above the Bank's 2% target.

Bank Governor Mervyn King warned last month inflation was "likely to rise to over 3% for a while", and could go even higher if energy prices and indirect taxes were to increase further, but added that it "should return to target in the medium term".

Although the UK did officially come out of recession in the fourth quarter of 2009 - ending six consecutive quarters of economic decline - the growth was just 0.1%, much less than expected.

For that reason, most analysts expect rates to stay at 0.5% until at least the second half of 2010 for fear of the UK falling back into recession.

Shell profits fall sharply on weak oil demand


Shell petrol attendant
Shell has said the future remains uncertain

Anglo-Dutch oil giant Royal Dutch Shell has reported a sharp fall in profits due to falling demand for oil from a weak global economy.

Profits between October and December last year were $1.2bn (£755m), down by 75% from the $4.8bn the company made a year earlier.

For the full year, Shell made $9.8bn, compared with $31.4bn in 2008.

Earlier this month, rival BP reported fourth quarter profits of $3.45bn, up by a third from a year earlier.

Shell also announced plans to cut 1,000 jobs as a part of a $1bn cost-cutting programme in 2010.

The disappointing results pushed Shell shares down 2.1% in early trading in London, more than any other stock.

"Our fourth-quarter 2009 results were impacted by the weak global economy," said Shell's chief executive Peter Voser.

"Oil prices have increased compared with a year ago, but gas prices and refining margins have declined sharply, because of weaker demand and high industry inventory levels."

He added that the outlook for 2010 was uncertain.

Christian Serbia maintains its faith in folklore


Enthronement of Serbian Patriarch

While Serbia is a deeply religious nation, it also happens to be steeped in superstition. The BBC's Mark Lowen finds that folklore, legends, old wives'; tales and stories of medieval military glory are part of daily life for many Serbians.

Belgrade's Saborna Cathedral is a gorgeous little place, its vaulted ceilings adorned with gilded frescoes and its baroque facade decorated with intricate mosaics.

Its beauty is such that I didn't mind getting up at an ungodly hour on a freezing Saturday morning for the enthronement of the new Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

The only downside was being stuck next to undoubtedly the least musical member of the congregation. My ears suffered for the next hour or so as she sang out of sync and out of tune.

I tried to move away from my tone-deaf and rhythmically challenged neighbour, but to no avail. Physically, there was no space left.

The ornate cathedral was bursting with believers, their eyes closed in worship, breaking their concentration only to make a sign of the Orthodox cross, or to kiss the hand of the new Patriarch as he passed by.

It was a holy occasion for a deeply spiritual nation - 85% of Serbs declare themselves Orthodox.

Myth and folklore

Religion and ethnicity have always been fundamentally linked in this region. If you were Serb, you were Orthodox, and if you were Croat you were Catholic.

After decades of suppression under communism, religion again flourished as the 90s began - but it also fed ethnic division, playing its part in the Yugoslav wars that ensued.

As modern Serbia has emerged from the ashes of Yugoslavia, Orthodoxy remains central to the Serb identity.

Turn back many centuries, though, before the Christianisation of Slavs, and it was Paganism, not Orthodoxy, that commanded a widespread following.

With it came myth and folklore - some of which still live on for this nation of believers, as I've come to discover.

Invited for dinner by my landlord in early January, he handed me a belated Christmas gift of a wallet. No sooner had I opened it, than he gasped, grabbed it back and quickly put a token 20 dinar note (around 20 pence) inside. "It's bad luck to offer an empty wallet to somebody," he told me.

It was my first taste of Serb superstition. But there were many more...

Never place your handbag on the ground, or you'll become penniless.

Don't even think about going outside with wet hair, or your brain will become inflamed.

And if you dare to sit on the corner of a table, you'll never get married.

If you do find your future spouse (which would, incidentally never happen if you let somebody sweep the floor with a broom in your direction), you'd better not sing at the table, or your other half will go mad.

And whatever happens, make sure you call a newborn baby ugly. If you say it's sweet, the infant will be plagued by bad luck.

Above all, though, beware of the draught. Ladies who expose their stomachs to cold air will end up with frozen ovaries and never be able to have children.

Sit next to an open window and you'll have an eternally stiff neck. Even at the height of summer, you see older Serbs frantically closing windows on public buses.

There is even a Serbian saying: many have died from draughts, but nobody has died from a bad smell.

Vampire legend

When swine flu hit Serbia last year, people put their faith in natural remedies and sales of garlic soared - appropriate, perhaps, for a country which saw one of the world's first known vampires.

In the early 18th Century a local peasant, Peter Plogojowitz, died in eastern Serbia. In the week following his death, nine other villagers mysteriously passed away too.

Plogojowitz was blamed, his body exhumed and a stake driven through his heart.

So perhaps it is understandable that hordes of Serbs would tune in to watch a bizarre transvestite prophet on national television in the 90s.

The mysterious Kleopatra shot to fame predicting the future of anything from marriage problems to the Nato bombing of Yugoslavia during the Kosovan war.

: Kosovo Serbs gather in the enclave of Gracanica for a religious ceremony 28 June 2007 to celebrate a historic medieval battle in the town of Gazimestan, near the provincial capital Pristina
Serbs still commemorate the 1389 Battle of Kosovo

But it is when nationalist politicians have harnessed the power of belief that Serbia has known some of its darkest moments.

Slobodan Milosevic gained power by whipping up patriotic frenzy, evoking the Battle of Kosovo in 1389.

The facts are still debated, but it has taken on a legendary status for this nation of believers, who are taught how their brethren died as martyrs on the fields of their cherished southern province, defending Christian Europe from the marauding Ottomans.

And President Milosevic led his people into wars, rekindling that old legend of the Greater Serbia.

Still today, Serbs' obsession with legend and myth means they often turn to the past for inspiration, rather than the future, searching for lost power and prestige.

I have been told by Serbs how they were eating with cutlery long before the rest of Europe and, spuriously, that they invented tweezers in the 12th Century.

It shows, perhaps, the uncertainty they feel about the road ahead for their country, smaller and weaker than it once was.

Crisis club Portsmouth have fourth owner of the season


Action from Pompey's Premier League defeat at Fulham on Wednesday
Action from Pompey's Premier League defeat at Fulham on Wednesday

Portsmouth have their fourth owner of the season - and could have a fifth before the current campaign is over.

Balram Chainrai has assumed control from former owner Ali Al Faraj after exercising a clause in their agreement over a £17m loan made to the Saudi.

Hong Kong-based businessman Chainrai - and any directors he wants to appoint - must now pass the Premier League's fit and proper persons test.

BBC Sport understands Chainrai is keen to sell once the club is stabilised.

"He is understood not to be interested in a long-term ownership, just averting the current crisis," said BBC sports news correspondent Gordon Farquhar.

A Pompey spokesman stated: "Portpin have exercised a clause in their contractual agreement to take a controlling interest. They are taking control on a temporary basis to allow new owners to be found.

"Portpin's aim is to come in and stabilise the club, sort out the business with the winding up order from HM Revenue & Customs and sell it on to new owners.

"New directors will be appointed to the board and Peter Storrie will remain as chief executive and will be running the club."

Pompey have lurched from one crisis to the next in recent months, with the Premier League club facing a winding-up petition from HMRC at the High Court on 10 February for unpaid taxes.

They have also been late paying wages four times this season, while chief executive Peter Storrie appeared before a crown court accused of tax evasion in January.

Now Chainrai, 51, has taken charge after his company Portpin took over Al Faraj's 90% shareholding in the south-coast club.

"Chainrai has invoked a clause in a loan contract he struck with the club's third owner this year, Ali Al Faraj, giving him the right to take over 90% of the shares should they default on repayments to him," added Farquhar.

"He recently loaned the club £15m to £20m to help get them through their current financial crisis, which still isn't resolved.

"Now the loans have not been repaid, he's the new owner of the club."

Had Chainrai simply stood back and allowed Portsmouth to founder and enter liquidation, he would have lost the money he had invested.

"That's the real risk for them, so they need to keep the club afloat by doing whatever they can," added Farquhar.

Chainrai's loans were secured against Al Faraj's 90% shareholding, Fratton Park stadium and future TV revenue.

The businessman told the Portsmouth Evening News: "Portpin has made substantial loans to Portsmouth to try and ensure the club's future. Portpin will continue to work for the best interests of the club."

Meanwhile, Pompey manager Avram Grant said he will continue to try to save the Premier League strugglers but remains non-committal about his long-term future.

The club remain rooted to the bottom of the table after a 1-0 defeat by Fulham on Wednesday.

Key players Asmir Begovic and Younes Kaboul were sold against Grant's wishes in January.

But Grant stated: "As long as I am here, I will keep fighting."

As well as the delays in paying player wages, Portsmouth have debts of £60m.

But, for the moment, Grant is committed to trying to keep Portsmouth in the top flight, with a trip to Manchester United the next challenge on Saturday.

"I think that we need to do our best all the time and, as long as we have a chance, we have to fight," he added.

"It's very hard times off the pitch but I'm very proud of the players. I think if everything was a little bit more calm the results would be even better."

Pompey and England goalkeeper David James told BBC Radio 5 live of the "frustration" felt by the players.

"You try and tell the lads that you do get paid even if it's a week late, 10 days or whatever - we are getting paid one way or the other," said James.

"We're not sure if we've got anyone else to sell to get paid.

"The fact is we do get paid and there are other clubs with players who aren't getting paid and historically there have been other clubs that players haven't got paid, so it could be worse."

Men At Work lose plagiarism case in Australia


Men At Work
Men At Work had two number one singles in the US

The Australian band Men at Work are facing a big legal bill after a court ruled it had plagiarised a Girl Guides' song in its 1983 hit, Down Under.

Larrikin Music had claimed the flute riff from was stolen from Kookaburra Sits in the Old Gum Tree, written by Marion Sinclair in 1934.

The federal court in Sydney ordered compensation to be paid.

That amount has yet to be determined but Larrikin's lawyer said it could reach 60% of income from the song.

"It's a big win for the underdog," said Larrikin's lawyer Adam Simpson after the judgment.

Sinclair, who died in 1988, wrote the song for performance at a Girl Guides Jamboree in 1935.

Kookaburra Sits in the Old Gum Tree has since been sung by generations of Australian schoolchildren.

A costs hearing will take place in late February, with Larrikin seeking 40%-60% of earnings from songwriters Colin Hay and Ron Strykert and record companies Sony BMG Music Entertainment and EMI Songs Australia.

Down Under, first released in 1983, was used in the closing ceremony of the Sydney Olympics in 2000.

A number one in Australia, the US and the UK, the song tells the story of an Australian backpacker touring the world.

It pays tribute to "a land down under where beer does flow and men chunder".

The song also refers to the popular Australian food spread Vegemite.

"I said 'Do you speak my language?', he just smiled and gave me a Vegemite sandwich," says an Australian traveller in Brussels.

US-born pandas Tai Shan and Mei Lan head for China


Two pandas born in the US are due to be flown to China to be re-settled - where they face a new diet and language.

Mei Lan, 3, and Tai Shan, 4, were born while the two sets of parents were on loan from China to US zoos. US fans say the popular pandas will be missed.

All loaned pandas and any offspring must eventually return to China.

Zoo-keepers have advertised for an English-Chinese translator to teach Mei Lan the Sichuan dialect so that she can understand basic commands.

Mei Lan, from Zoo Atlanta, and Tai Shan, a male from Washington, will become part of a panda breeding programme in Sichuan.

When they arrive in Chengdu they will be weaned off the high-fibre biscuits they have been fed in the US, and be given steamed bread and bamboo shoots instead.

Panda plane

At the Smithsonian's National Zoo in Washington, Tai Shan's parents will remain until December when they too will return to China at the end of their 10-year loan.

Animal keeper Nicole Meese, who held Tai Shan as a baby, will travel with him on a plane emblazoned with a panda on its side.

"Every day, he makes me smile," she said, according to Associated Press.

"I'm going to miss him terribly."

She trained him to understand hand signals, and prepared a booklet of the signals to help his new keepers at the Bifengxia Breeding Base in Ya'an, Sichuan.

Mei Lan (file photo from August 2007)
Mei Lan's potential mate could be chosen by public vote

Mei Lan would get a translator - if one could be found - as she "must be unfamiliar with Chinese", said the director of the Chengdu Panda Breeding Centre's animal management department, Huang Xiangming, according to the official Xinhua news agency.

Phrases for going in and out of her dormitory would be taught, a staff member said.

She was the first cub born at Zoo Atlanta, bringing thousands more visitors to the zoo and to its webcam online.

Her parents, Lun Lun and Yang Yang, had another cub in 2008.

Potential mates for Mei Lan are being suggested on a website where people can pick their favourite based on behaviour and appearance.

Superman Kobe and Yong Yong, or Doubly Brave, are among the candidates. Experts will also have some input into the choice.

Symbian phone operating system goes open source


The group behind the world's most popular smartphone operating system - Symbian - is giving away "billions of dollars" worth of code for free.

The Symbian Foundation's announced that it would make its code open source in 2008 and has now completed the move.

It means that any organisation or individual can now use and modify the platform's underlying source code "for any purpose".

Symbian has shipped in more than 330m mobile phones, the foundation says.

It believes the move will attract new developers to work on the system and help speed up the pace of improvements.

"This is the largest open source migration effort ever," Lee Williams of the Symbian Foundation told BBC News.

"It will increase rate of evolution and increase the rate of innovation of the platform."

Ian Fogg, principal analyst at Forrester research, said the move was about Symbian "transitioning from one business model to another" as well as trying to gain "momentum and mindshare" for software that had been overshadowed by the release of Apple's iPhone and Google Android operating system.

Evolutionary barrier

Finnish mobile phone giant Nokia bought the software in 2008 and helped establish the non-profit Symbian Foundation to oversee its development and transition to open source.

The foundation includes Nokia, AT&T, LG, Motorola, NTT Docomo, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, STMicroelectronics, Texas Instruments and Vodafone.

The group has now released what it calls the Symbian platform as open source code. This platform unites different elements of the Symbian operating system as well as components - in particular, user interfaces - developed by individual members.

Until now, Symbian's source code was only open to members of the organisation.

It can be downloaded from the foundation's website from 1400 GMT.

Mr Williams said that one of the motivations for the move was to speed up the rate at which the 10-year-old platform evolved.

"When we chatted to companies who develop third party applications, we found people would spend up to nine months just trying to navigate the intellectual property," he said.

"That was really hindering the rate of progress."

Opening up the platform would also improve security, he added.

'Mind share'

Symbian development is currently dominated by Nokia, but the foundation hoped to reduce the firm's input to "no more than 50%" by the middle of 2011, said Mr Williams.

"We will see a dramatic shift in terms of who is contributing to the platform."

However, said Mr Williams, the foundation would monitor phones using the platform to ensure that they met with minimum standards.

Despite being the world's most popular smart phone operating system, Symbian has been losing the publicity battle, with Google's Android operating system and Apple's iPhone dominating recent headlines.

"Symbian desperately needs to regain mindshare at the moment," said Mr Fogg.

"It's useful for them to say Symbian is now open - Google has done very well out of that."

He also said that the software "may not be as open and free as an outsider might think".

"Almost all of the open source operating systems on mobile phones - Nokia's Maemo, Google's Android - typically have proprietary software in them."

For example, Android incorporates Google's e-mail system Gmail.

But Mr Williams denied the move to open source was a marketing move.